executing requests from a controller + boosted by PHP 8.4 + the router rebuild. hell fucking yeah

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+Version 2, December 2004
+
+Copyright (C) 2004 Sam Hocevar <sam@hocevar.net>
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim or modified copies of this license document, and changing it is allowed as long as the name is changed.
+
+DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. You just DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO.

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+The MINIMAL framework that does **not limit your project with its own rules**, has **no dependencies**, implements the **best practices** of popular MVC-frameworks, it **VERY fast** and **optimized** for all the innovations in **PHP 8.2** 🤟
+
+Can be configured to work with **any database** `core::$session` and **any HTML template engine** `$this->view`
+*personally, i prefer **ArangoDB** and **Twig***
+
+## Nearest plans (first half of 2025)
+1. Add **middlewares** technology
+2. Route sorting in the router `router::sort()`
+3. Add trigger routes from within routes
+4. Think about adding asynchronous executions
+5. Write an article describing the principles of the framework
+
+## Installation 
+Execute: `composer require mirzaev/minimal`
+
+## Usage
+*index.php*
+```php
+// Initializing the router
+$router = new router;
+
+// Initializing of routes
+$router
+    ->write('/', 'catalog', 'index', 'GET')
+	->write('/search', 'catalog', 'search', 'POST')
+	->write('/session/connect/telegram', 'session', 'telegram', 'POST')
+	->write('/product/$id', 'catalog', 'product', 'POST')
+	->write('/$categories...', 'catalog', 'index', 'POST'); // Collector (since 0.3.0)
+
+// Initializing the core
+$core = new core(namespace: __NAMESPACE__, router: $router, controller: new controller(false), model: new model(false));
+
+// Handle the request
+echo $core->start();
+```
+
+## Examples of projects based on MINIMAL
+
+### ebala
+**Repository:** https://git.mirzaev.sexy/mirzaev/ebala<br>
+**Github mirror:** https://github.com/mature-woman/ebala<br>
+*I earned more than a **million rubles** from this project*<br>
+*Repositories **may** be closed at the request of the customer*<br>
+
+### huesos 
+**Repository:** https://git.mirzaev.sexy/mirzaev/huesos<br>
+**Guthub mirror:** https://github.com/mature-woman/huesos<br>
+*The basis for developing chat-robots with Web App technology (for example for Telegram)*<br>
+
+### arming_bot 
+**Repository:** https://git.mirzaev.sexy/mirzaev/arming_bot<br>
+**Guthub mirror:** https://github.com/mature-woman/arming_bot<br>
+*Chat-robot based on huesos*<br>
+
+### notchat
+**Repository:** https://git.mirzaev.sexy/mirzaev/notchat<br>
+**Github mirror:** https://github.com/mature-woman/notchat<br>
+*P2P chat project with different blockchains and smart stuff*<br>
+
+### site-repression
+**Link:** https://repression.mirzaev.sexy<br>
+**Repository:** https://git.mirzaev.sexy/mirzaev/site-repression<br>
+**Github mirror:** https://github.com/mature-woman/site-repression<br>
+*A simple site for my article about **political repressions in Russia** and my **kidnapping by Wagner PMC operatives** from my house*<br>

composer.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "name": "mirzaev/minimal",
     "type": "framework",
-    "description": "Lightweight MVC framework that manages only the basic mechanisms, leaving the development of the programmer and not overloading the project",
+    "description": "My vision of a good framework",
     "keywords": [
         "mvc",
         "framework",
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
             "name": "Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich",
             "email": "arsen@mirzaev.sexy",
             "homepage": "https://mirzaev.sexy",
-            "role": "Developer"
+            "role": "Programmer"
         }
     ],
     "support": {
@@ -22,16 +22,11 @@
         "issues": "https://git.mirzaev.sexy/mirzaev/minimal/issues"
     },
     "require": {
-        "php": "~8.2"
+        "php": "~8.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
             "mirzaev\\minimal\\": "mirzaev/minimal/system"
         }
-    },
-    "autoload-dev": {
-        "psr-4": {
-            "mirzaev\\minimal\\tests\\": "mirzaev/minimal/tests"
-        }
     }
 }

mirzaev/minimal/system/controller.php

@@ -4,119 +4,83 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace mirzaev\minimal;
 
-// Файлы проекта
+// Files of the project
-use mirzaev\minimal\model;
+use mirzaev\minimal\model,
+	mirzaev\minimal\core,
+	mirzaev\minimal\traits\magic;
 
-// Встроенные библиотеки
+// Build-in libraries
 use exception;
 
 /**
- * Контроллер
+ * Controller
+ *
+ * @var core $core An instance of the core
+ * @var model $model An instance of the model connected in the core
+ * @var view $view View template engine instance (twig)
+ * @var core $core An instance of the core
+ * @var core $core An instance of the core
+ *
+ * @method self __construct(core $core) Constructor
  *
  * @package mirzaev\minimal
+ *
+ * @license http://www.wtfpl.net/ Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License
  * @author Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich <arsen@mirzaev.sexy>
  */
 class controller
 {
-  /**
+	use magic;
-   * Постфикс
-   */
-  public const POSTFIX = '_controller';
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Инстанция модели
+	 * Core
-   */
+	 *
-  protected model $model;
+	 * @var core $core An instance of the core
+	 */
+	public core $core {		
+		// Read
+		get => $this->core;
+	}
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Инстанция шаблонизатора представления
+	 * Model
-   */
+	 *
-  protected object $view;
+	 * @var model $model An instance of the model connected in the core
+	 */
+	public model $model {
+		// Write
+		set (model $model) {
+				$this->model ??= $model;
+		}
 
-  /**
+		// Read
-   * Конструктор
+		get => $this->model;
-   */
+	}
-  public function __construct()
-  {
-  }
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Записать свойство
+	 * View
-   *
+	 *
-   * @param string $name Название
+	 * @var view $view View template engine instance (twig)
-   * @param mixed $value Значение
+	 */
-   *
+	public object $view {
-   * @return void
+		// Write
-   */
+		set (object $view) {
-  public function __set(string $name, mixed $value = null): void
+				$this->view ??= $view;
-  {
+		}
-    match ($name) {
-      'model' => (function () use ($value) {
-        if ($this->__isset('model')) throw new exception('Запрещено реинициализировать свойство с инстанцией модели ($this->model)', 500);
-        else {
-          // Свойство не инициализировано
 
-          if (is_object($value)) $this->model = $value;
+		// Read
-          else throw new exception('Свойство $this->model должно хранить инстанцию модели (объект)', 500);
+		get => $this->view;
-        }
+	}
-      })(),
-      'view' => (function () use ($value) {
-        if ($this->__isset('view')) throw new exception('Запрещено реинициализировать свойство с инстанцией шаблонизатора представления ($this->view)', 500);
-        else {
-          // Свойство не инициализировано
 
-          if (is_object($value)) $this->view = $value;
+	/**
-          else throw new exception('Свойство $this->view должно хранить инстанцию шаблонизатора представления (объект)', 500);
+	 * Constructor
-        }
+	 *
-      })(),
+	 * @param core $core The instance of the core
-      default => throw new exception("Свойство \"\$$name\" не найдено", 404)
+	 *
-    };
+	 * @return self
-  }
+	 */
-
+	public function __construct(core $core) {
-  /**
+		// Writing the core into the property
-   * Прочитать свойство
+		$this->core = $core;
-   *
+	}
-   * @param string $name Название
-   *
-   * @return mixed Содержимое
-   */
-  public function __get(string $name): mixed
-  {
-    return match ($name) {
-      'model' => $this->model ?? throw new exception("Свойство \"\$model\" не инициализировано", 500),
-      'view' => $this->view ?? throw new exception("Свойство \"\$view\" не инициализировано", 500),
-      default => throw new exception("Свойство \"\$$name\" не обнаружено", 404)
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Проверить свойство на инициализированность
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   * 
-   * @return bool Инициализировано свойство?
-   */
-  public function __isset(string $name): bool
-  {
-    return match ($name) {
-      default => isset($this->{$name})
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Удалить свойство
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   *
-   * @return void
-   */
-  public function __unset(string $name): void
-  {
-    match ($name) {
-      default => (function () use ($name) {
-        // Удаление
-        unset($this->{$name});
-      })()
-    };
-  }
 }

mirzaev/minimal/system/core.php

@@ -4,227 +4,361 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace mirzaev\minimal;
 
-// Файлы проекта
+// Files of the project
 use mirzaev\minimal\router,
-  mirzaev\minimal\controller,
+	mirzaev\minimal\route,
-  mirzaev\minimal\model;
+	mirzaev\minimal\controller,
+	mirzaev\minimal\model;
 
-// Встроенные библиотеки
+// Built-in libraries
 use exception,
-  ReflectionClass as reflection;
+	BadMethodCallException  as exception_method,
+	DomainException as exception_domain,
+	InvalidArgumentException as exception_argument,
+	UnexpectedValueException as exception_value,
+	ReflectionClass as reflection;
 
 /**
- * Ядро
+ * Core
+ *
+ * @param string $namespace Namespace where the core was initialized from
+ * @param controller $controller An instance of the controller
+ * @param model $model An instance of the model
+ * @param router $router An instance of the router
+ *
+ * @mathod self __construct(?string $namespace) Constructor
+ * @method void __destruct() Destructor
+ * @method string|null request(?string $uri, ?string $method, array $variabls) Handle the request
+ * @method string|null route(route $route, string $method) Handle the route
  *
  * @package mirzaev\minimal
- * @author Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich <arsen@mirzaev.sexy>
  *
- * @todo
+ * @license http://www.wtfpl.net/ Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License
- * 1. Добавить __isset() и __unset()
+ * @author Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich <arsen@mirzaev.sexy>
  */
 final class core
 {
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Инстанция соединения с базой данных
+	 * Namespace
-   */
+	 *
-  private object $db;
+	 * @var string $namespace Namespace where the core was initialized from
+	 *
+	 * @see https://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-4/
+	 */
+	public string $namespace {
+		// Read
+		get => $this->namespace;
+	}
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Инстанция маршрутизатора
+	 * Controller
-   */
+	 *
-  private readonly router $router;
+	 * @var controller $controller An instance of the controller
+	 */
+	private controller $controller {
+		// Read
+		get => $this->controller ??= new controller;
+	}
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Инстанция ядра контроллера
+	 * Model
-   */
+	 *
-  private readonly controller $controller;
+	 * @var model $model An instance of the model
+	 */
+	private model $model {
+		// Read
+		get => $this->model ??= new model;
+	}
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Инстанция ядра модели
+	 * Router
-   */
+	 *
-  private readonly model $model;
+	 * @var router $router An instance of the router
+	 */
+	public router $router {
+		get => $this->router ??= router::initialize();
+	}
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Путь пространства имён (системное)
+	 * Constrictor
-   *
+	 *
-   * Используется для поиска файлов по спецификации PSR-4
+	 * @param ?string $namespace Пространство имён системного ядра
-   */
+	 * 
-  private readonly string $namespace;
+	 * @return self The instance of the core
+	 */
+	public function __construct(
+		?string $namespace = null
+	) {
+		// Writing a namespace to the property
+		$this->namespace = $namespace ?? (new reflection(self::class))->getNamespaceName();
+	}
 
-  /**
-   * Конструктор
-   *
-   * @param ?object $db Инстанция соединения с базой данных
-   * @param ?router $router Маршрутизатор
-   * @param ?controller $controller Инстанция ядра контроллера
-   * @param ?model $model Инстанция ядра модели
-   * @param ?string $namespace Пространство имён системного ядра
-   * 
-   * @return self Инстанция ядра
-   */
-  public function __construct(
-    ?object $db = null,
-    ?router $router = null,
-    ?controller $controller = null,
-    ?model $model = null,
-    ?string $namespace = null
-  ) {
-    // Инициализация свойств
-    if (isset($db)) $this->__set('db', $db);
-    if (isset($router)) $this->__set('router', $router);
-    if (isset($controller)) $this->__set('controller', $controller);
-    if (isset($model)) $this->__set('model', $model);
-    $this->__set('namespace', $namespace ?? (new reflection(self::class))->getNamespaceName());
-  }
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Деструктор
+	 * Destructor
-   *
+	 */
-   */
+	public function __destruct() {}
-  public function __destruct()
-  {
-  }
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Запуск
+	 * Request
-   *
+	 *
-   * @param ?string $uri Маршрут
+	 * Handle the request
-   *
+	 *
-   * @return string|int|null Ответ
+	 * @param string|null $uri URI of the request (value by default: $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])
-   */
+	 * @param string|null $method Method of the request (GET, POST, PUT...) (value by default: $_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"])
-  public function start(string $uri = null): string|int|null
+	 * @paam array $parameters parameters for merging with route parameters 
-  {
+	 *
-    // Обработка запроса
+	 * @return string|null Response 
-    return $this->__get('router')->handle($uri, core: $this);
+	 */
-  }
+	public function request(?string $uri = null, ?string $method = null, array $parameters = []): ?string
+	{
+		// Matching a route 
+		$route = $this->router->match($uri ??= $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ?? '/', $method ??= $_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"]);
 
-  /**
+		if ($route) {
-   * Записать свойство
+			// Initialized the route
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   * @param mixed $value Содержимое
-   *
-   * @return void
-   */
-  public function __set(string $name, mixed $value = null): void
-  {
-    match ($name) {
-      'db', 'database' => (function () use ($value) {
-        if ($this->__isset('db')) throw new exception('Запрещено реинициализировать инстанцию соединения с базой данных ($this->db)', 500);
-        else {
-          // Свойство ещё не было инициализировано
 
-          if (is_object($value)) $this->db = $value;
+			if (!empty($parameters)) {
-          else throw new exception('Свойство $this->db должно хранить инстанцию соединения с базой данных', 500);
+				// Recaived parameters
-        }
-      })(),
-      'router' => (function () use ($value) {
-        if ($this->__isset('router')) throw new exception('Запрещено реинициализировать инстанцию маршрутизатора ($this->router)', 500);
-        else {
-          // Свойство ещё не было инициализировано
 
-          if ($value instanceof router) $this->router = $value;
+				// Merging parameters with route parameters
-          else throw new exception('Свойство $this->router должно хранить инстанцию маршрутизатора (mirzaev\minimal\router)"', 500);
+				$route->parameters = $parameters + $route->parameters;
-        }
+			}
-      })(),
-      'controller' => (function () use ($value) {
-        if ($this->__isset('controller')) throw new exception('Запрещено реинициализировать инстанцию ядра контроллеров ($this->controller)', 500);
-        else {
-          // Свойство не инициализировано
 
-          if ($value instanceof controller) $this->controller = $value;
+			// Handling the route and exit (success)
-          else throw new exception('Свойство $this->controller должно хранить инстанцию ядра контроллеров (mirzaev\minimal\controller)', 500);
+			return $this->route($route, $method);
-        }
+		}
-      })(),
-      'model' => (function () use ($value) {
-        if ($this->__isset('model')) throw new exception('Запрещено реинициализировать инстанцию ядра моделей ($this->model)', 500);
-        else {
-          // Свойство не инициализировано
 
-          if ($value instanceof model) $this->model = $value;
+		// Exit (fail)
-          else throw new exception('Свойство $this->model должно хранить инстанцию ядра моделей (mirzaev\minimal\model)', 500);
+		return null;
-        }
+	}
-      })(),
-      'namespace' => (function () use ($value) {
-        if ($this->__isset('namespace')) throw new exception('Запрещено реинициализировать путь пространства имён ($this->namespace)', 500);
-        else {
-          // Свойство не инициализировано
 
-          if (is_string($value)) $this->namespace = $value;
+	/**
-          else throw new exception('Свойство $this->namespace должно хранить строку с путём пространства имён', 500);
+	 * Route
-        }
+	 *
-      })(),
+	 * Handle the route
-      default => throw new exception("Свойство \"\$$name\" не найдено", 404)
+	 *
-    };
+	 * @param route $route The route
-  }
+	 * @param string $method Method of requests (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, COOKIE...)
+	 *
+	 * @return string|null Response, if generated
+	 */
+	public function route(route $route, string $method = 'GET'): ?string
+	{
+		// Initializing name of the controller class
+		$controller = $route->controller;
 	
-  /**
+		if ($route->controller instanceof controller) {
-   * Прочитать свойство
+			// Initialized the controller
-   *
+		} else if (class_exists($controller = "$this->namespace\\controllers\\$controller")) {
-   * Записывает значение по умолчанию, если свойство не инициализировано
+			// Found the controller by its name
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   *
-   * @return mixed Содержимое
-   */
-  public function __get(string $name): mixed
-  {
-    return match ($name) {
-      'db', 'database' => $this->db ?? throw new exception("Свойство \"\$$name\" не инициализировано", 500),
-      'router' => (function () {
-        // Инициализация со значением по умолчанию
-        if (!$this->__isset('router')) $this->__set('router', new router);
 
-        // Возврат (успех)
+			// Initializing the controller
-        return $this->router;
+			$route->controller = new $controller(core: $this);
-      })(),
+		} else if (!empty($route->controller)) {
-      'controller' => (function () {
+			// Not found the controller and $route->controller has a value
-        // Инициализация со значением по умолчанию
-        if (!$this->__isset('controller')) $this->__set('controller', new controller);
 
-        // Возврат (успех)
+			// Exit (fail)
-        return $this->controller;
+			throw new exception_domain('Failed to found the controller: ' . $route->controller);
-      })(),
+		} else {
-      'model' => (function () {
+			// Not found the controller and $route->controller is empty
-        // Инициализация со значением по умолчанию
-        if (!$this->__isset('model')) $this->__set('model', new model);
 
-        // Возврат (успех)
+			// Exit (fail)
-        return $this->model;
+			throw new exception_argument('Failed to initialize the controller: ' . $route->controller);
-      })(),
+		}
-      'namespace' => $this->namespace ?? throw new exception("Свойство \"\$$name\" не инициализировано", 500),
-      default => throw new exception("Свойство \"\$$name\" не найдено", 404)
-    };
-  }
 
-  /**
+		// Deinitializing name of the controller class
-   * Проверить свойство на инициализированность
+		unset($controller);
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   *
-   * @return bool Инициализировано свойство?
-   */
-  public function __isset(string $name): bool
-  {
-    return match ($name) {
-      default => isset($this->{$name})
-    };
-  }
 
-  /**
+		// Initializing name if the model class
-   * Удалить свойство
+		$model = $route->model;
-   *
+
-   * @param string $name Название
+		if ($route->model instanceof model) {
-   *
+			// Initialized the model
-   * @return void
+		} else if (class_exists($model = "$this->namespace\\models\\$model")) {
-   */
+			// Found the model by its name
-  public function __unset(string $name): void
+
-  {
+			// Initializing the model
-    match ($name) {
+			$route->model = new $model;
-      default => (function () use ($name) {
+		} else if (!empty($route->model)) {
-        // Удаление
+			// Not found the model and $route->model has a value
-        unset($this->{$name});
+
-      })()
+			// Exit (fail)
-    };
+			throw new exception_domain('Failed to initialize the model: ' . ($route->model ?? $route->controller));
-  }
+		}
+
+		// Deinitializing name of the model class
+		unset($model);
+
+		if ($route->model instanceof model) {
+			// Initialized the model
+
+			// Writing the model to the controller
+			$route->controller->model = $route->model;
+		}
+
+		if ($method === 'POST') {
+			// POST
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters + $_POST, $_FILES);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else if ($method === 'GET') {
+			// GET
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				if ($_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"] === 'multipart/form-data' || $_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') {
+					// The requeset content type is the "multipart/form-data" or "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
+					// Analysis of the request
+					[$_GET, $_FILES] = request_parse_body($route->options);
+				}
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters + $_GET, $_FILES);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else if ($method === 'PUT') {
+			// PUT
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				if ($_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"] === 'multipart/form-data' || $_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') {
+					// The requeset content type is the "multipart/form-data" or "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
+					// Analysis of the request
+					[$_PUT, $_FILES] = request_parse_body($route->options);
+				}
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters + $_PUT, $_FILES);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else if ($method === 'DELETE') {
+			// DELETE
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				if ($_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"] === 'multipart/form-data' || $_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') {
+					// The requeset content type is the "multipart/form-data" or "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
+					// Analysis of the request
+					[$_DELETE, $_FILES] = request_parse_body($route->options);
+				}
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters + $_DELETE, $_FILES);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else if ($method === 'PATCH') {
+			// PATCH
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				if ($_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"] === 'multipart/form-data' || $_SERVER["CONTENT_TYPE"] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') {
+					// The requeset content type is the "multipart/form-data" or "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+
+					// Analysis of the request
+					[$_PATCH, $_FILES] = request_parse_body($route->options);
+				}
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters + $_PATCH, $_FILES);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else if ($method === 'HEAD') {
+			// HEAD
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else if ($method === 'OPTIONS') {
+			// OPTIONS
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else if ($method === 'CONNECT') {
+			// CONNECT
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else if ($method === 'TRACE') {
+			// TRACE
+
+			if (method_exists($route->controller, $route->method)) {
+				// Found the method of the controller
+
+				// Executing method of the controller that handles the route and exit (success)
+				return $route->controller->{$route->method}($route->parameters);
+			} else {
+				// Not found the method of the controller
+		
+				// Exit (fail)
+				throw new exception('Failed to find the method of the controller: ' . $route->method);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Not recognized method of the request
+
+			// Exit (fail)
+			throw new exception_value('Failed to recognize the method: ' . $method);
+		}
+
+		// Exit (fail)
+		return null;
+	}
 }

mirzaev/minimal/system/model.php

@@ -4,86 +4,27 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace mirzaev\minimal;
 
-// Встроенные библиотеки
+// Files of the project
-use exception;
+use	mirzaev\minimal\traits\magic;
 
 /**
- * Модель
+ * Model
+ *
+ * @method self __construct() Constructor
  *
  * @package mirzaev\minimal
+ *
+ * @license http://www.wtfpl.net/ Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License
  * @author Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich <arsen@mirzaev.sexy>
  */
 class model
 {
-  /**
+	use magic;
-   * Постфикс
-   */
-  public const POSTFIX = '_model';
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Конструктор
+	 * Constructor
-   */
+	 *
-  public function __construct()
+	 * @return self
-  {
+	 */
-  }
+	public function __construct() {}
-
-  /**
-   * Записать свойство
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   * @param mixed $value Содержимое
-   *
-   * @return void
-   */
-  public function __set(string $name, mixed $value = null): void
-  {
-    match ($name) {
-      default => throw new exception("Свойство \"\$$name\" не найдено", 404)
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Прочитать свойство
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   *
-   * @return mixed Содержимое
-   */
-  public function __get(string $name): mixed
-  {
-    return match ($name) {
-      default => throw new exception("Свойство \"\$$name\" не обнаружено", 404)
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Проверить свойство на инициализированность
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   *
-   * @return bool Инициализировано свойство?
-   */
-  public function __isset(string $name): bool
-  {
-    return match ($name) {
-      default => isset($this->{$name})
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Удалить свойство
-   *
-   * @param string $name Название
-   *
-   * @return void
-   */
-  public function __unset(string $name): void
-  {
-    match ($name) {
-      default => (function () use ($name) {
-        // Удаление
-        unset($this->{$name});
-      })()
-    };
-  }
 }

mirzaev/minimal/system/route.php

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace mirzaev\minimal;
+
+/**
+ * Route
+ *
+ * @param string|controller $controller Name of the controller
+ * @param string $method Name of the method of the method of $this->controller
+ * @param string|model $model Name of the model
+ * @param array $parameters Arguments for the $this->method (will be concatenated together with generated request parameters)
+ * @param array $options Options for `request_parse_body($options)`
+ *
+ * @method self __construct(string $controller,?string $method, ?string $model, array $variables, array $options) Constructor
+ *
+ * @package mirzaev\minimal
+ *
+ * @license http://www.wtfpl.net/ Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License
+ * @author Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich <arsen@mirzaev.sexy>
+ */
+final class route
+{
+	/**
+	 * Controller
+	 * 
+	 * @var string|model $controller Name of the controller or an instance of the controller
+	 */
+	public string|controller $controller {
+		// Read
+		get => $this->controller;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Method
+	 * 
+	 * @var string $method Name of the method of the method of $this->controller
+	 */
+	public string $method{
+		// Read
+		get => $this->method;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Model
+	 * 
+	 * @var string|model|null $model Name of the model of an instance of the model
+	 */
+	public string|model|null $model {
+		// Read
+		get => $this->model;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Parameters
+	 * 
+	 * @var array $parameters Arguments for the $this->method (will be concatenated together with generated request parameters)
+	 */
+	public array $parameters {
+		// Read
+		get => $this->parameters;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Options
+	 *
+	 * Used only for GET, PUT, PATCH and DELETE
+	 * 
+	 * @var string $options Options for `request_parse_body($options)`
+	 */
+	public array $options {
+		// Write
+		set (array $value) => array_filter(
+			$value,
+			fn(string $key) => match ($key) {
+				'post_max_size',
+				'max_input_vars',
+				'max_multipart_body_parts',
+				'max_file_uploads',
+				'upload_max_filesize' => true,
+				default => false
+			},
+			ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY
+		);
+
+		// Read
+		get => $this->options;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructor
+	 *
+	 * @param string|controller $controller Name of the controller
+	 * @param string|null $method Name of the method of the method of $controller
+	 * @param string|model|null $model Name of the model
+	 * @param array $parameters Arguments for the $method (will be concatenated together with generated request parameters)
+	 * @param array $options Options for `request_parse_body` (Only for POST method)
+	 *
+	 * @return self
+	 */
+	public function __construct(
+		string|controller $controller,
+		?string $method = 'index',
+		string|model|null $model = null,
+		array $parameters = [],
+		array $options = []
+	) {
+		// Writing name of the controller
+		$this->controller = $controller;
+
+		// Writing name of the model
+		$this->model = $model;
+
+		// Writing name of the method of the controller
+		$this->method = $method;
+
+		// Writing parameters
+		$this->parameters = $parameters;
+
+		// Writing options
+		if (match ($method) {
+			'GET', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE' => true,
+			default => false
+		}) $this->options = $options;
+	}
+}

mirzaev/minimal/system/router.php

@@ -4,172 +4,282 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace mirzaev\minimal;
 
-// Файлы проекта
+// Files of the project
-use mirzaev\minimal\core;
+use mirzaev\minimal\route,
+	mirzaev\minimal\traits\singleton;
+
+// Build-ing libraries
+use InvalidArgumentException as exception_argument;
 
 /**
- * Маршрутизатор
+ * Router
+ *
+ * @param array $routes The registry of routes
+ *
+ * @method self write(string $uri, string $method)
+ * @method self sort() Sort routes (DEV)
+ * @method string universalize(string $urn) Universalize URN
  *
  * @package mirzaev\minimal
+ *
+ * @license http://www.wtfpl.net/ Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License
  * @author Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich <arsen@mirzaev.sexy>
  */
 final class router
 {
-  /**
+	use singleton;
-   * @var array $router Реестр маршрутов
-   */
-  protected array $routes = [];
 
-  /**
+	/**
-   * Записать маршрут
+	 * Routes
-   *
-   * @param string $route Маршрут
-   * @param string $handler Обработчик - инстанции контроллера и модели (не обязательно), без постфиксов
-   * @param ?string $method Вызываемый метод в инстанции контроллера обработчика
-   * @param ?string $request HTTP-метод запроса (GET, POST, PUT...)
-   * @param ?string $model Инстанция модели (переопределение инстанции модели в $target)
-   *
-   * @return void
-   */
-  public function write(
-    string $route,
-    string $handler,
-    ?string $method = 'index',
-    ?string $request = 'GET',
-    ?string $model = null
-  ): void {
-    // Запись в реестр
-    $this->routes[$route][$request] = [
-      'controller' => $handler,
-      'model' => $model ?? $handler,
-      'method' => $method
-    ];
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Обработать маршрут
-   *
-   * @param ?string $uri URI запроса (https://domain.com/foo/bar)
-   * @param ?string $method Метод запроса (GET, POST, PUT...)
-	 * @param ?core $core Инстанция системного ядра
 	 *
-	 * @return string|int|null Ответ
+	 * @var array $routes The registry of routes
-   */
+	 */
-  public function handle(?string $uri = null, ?string $method = null, ?core $core = new core): string|int|null
+	protected array $routes = [];
-  {
-    // Инициализация значений по умолчанию
-    $uri ??= $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ?? '/';
-    $method ??= $_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] ?? 'GET';
 
-    // Инициализация URL запроса (/foo/bar)
+	/**
-    $url = parse_url($uri, PHP_URL_PATH);
+	 * Write a route
+	 *
+	 * @param string $urn URN of the route ('/', '/page', '/page/$variable', '/page/$collector...'...)
+	 * @param route $route The route
+	 * @param string|array $method Method of requests (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, COOKIE...)
+	 *
+	 * @return self The instance from which the method was called (fluent interface)
+	 */
+	public function write(
+		string $urn,
+		route $route,
+		null|string|array $method = 'GET'
+	): self {
+		foreach (is_array($method) ? $method : [$method] as $method) {
+			// Iterate over methods of requests
 
-    // Универсализация маршрута
+			// Validating method
-    $url = self::universalize($url);
+			$method = match ($method) {
+				'POST', 'GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'CONNECT', 'TRACE' => $method,
+				default => throw new exception_argument("Failed to initialize method: \"$method\"")
+			};
 
-    // Сортировка реестра маршрутов от большего ключа к меньшему (кешируется)
+			// Writing to the registry of routes
-    krsort($this->routes);
+			$this->routes[$urn][$method] = $route;
+		}
 
-    // Поиск директорий в ссылке
+		// Exit (success) (fluent interface)
-    preg_match_all('/[^\/]+/', $url, $directories);
+		return $this;
+	}
 
-    // Инициализация директорий
+	/**
-    $directories = $directories[0];
+	 * Match
+	 *
+	 * Match request URI with registry of routes
+	 *
+	 * @param string $uri URI (protocol://domain/foo/bar)
+	 * @param string $method Method of the request (GET, POST, PUT...)
+	 *
+	 * @return route|null Route, if found
+	 */
+	public function match(string $uri, string $method): ?route {
+		// Declaration of the registry of routes directoies 
+		$routes = [];
 
-    foreach ($this->routes as $route => $data) {
+		foreach ($this->routes as $route => $data) {
-      // Перебор маршрутов
+			// Iteration over routes
 
-      // Универсализация маршрута
+			// Search directories of route (explode() creates empty value in array)
-      $route = self::universalize($route);
+			preg_match_all('/(^\/$|[^\/]+)/', $route, $data['directories']);
+			$routes[$route] = $data['directories'][0];
+		}
 
-      // Поиск директорий
+		if (count($routes) === count($this->routes)) {
-      preg_match_all('/[^\/]+/', $route, $data['directories']);
+			// Initialized the registry of routes directoies
 
-      // Инициализация директорий
+			// Universalization of URN (/foo/bar)
-      $data['directories'] = $data['directories'][0];
+			$urn = self::universalize(parse_url(urldecode($uri), PHP_URL_PATH));
 
-      if (count($directories) === count($data['directories'])) {
+			// Search directories of URN (explode() creates empty value in array)
-        // Входит в диапазон маршрут (совпадает количество директорий у ссылки и маршрута)
+			preg_match_all('/(^\/$|[^\/]+)/', $urn, $directories);
+			$directories = $directories[0];
 
-        // Инициализация реестра переменных
+			/**
-        $data['vars'] = [];
+			 * Initialization of the route
+			 */
 
-        foreach ($data['directories'] as $index => &$directory) {
+			// Initializing the buffer of matches of route directories with URN directories
-          // Перебор директорий
+			$matches = [];
 
-          if (preg_match('/\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x80-\xff]+)/', $directory) === 1) {
+			foreach ($directories as $i => $urn_directory) {
-            // Директория является переменной (.../$variable/...)
+				// Iteration over directories of URN 
 
-            // Запись в реестр переменных
+				foreach ($this->routes as $route => $data) {
-            $directory = $data['vars'][trim($directory, '$')] = $directories[$index];
+					// Iteration over routes
-          }
-        }
 
-        // Реиницилазция маршрута
+					if (isset($data[$method])) {
-        $route = self::universalize(implode('/', $data['directories']));
+						// The request method matches the route method
 
-        // Проверка на пустой маршрут
+						// Universalization of route
-        if (empty($route)) $route = '/';
+						$route = self::universalize($route);
 
-        if (mb_stripos($route, $url, 0, "UTF-8") === 0 && mb_strlen($route, 'UTF-8') <= mb_strlen($url, 'UTF-8')) {
+						// Skipping unmatched routes based on results of previous iterations
-          // Идентифицирован маршрут (длина не меньше длины запрошенного URL)
+						if (isset($matches[$route]) && $matches[$route] === false) continue;
 
-          if (array_key_exists($method, $data)) {
+						// Initializing of route directory
-            // Идентифицирован метод маршрута (GET, POST, PUT...)
+						$route_directory = $routes[$route][$i] ?? null;
 
-						$route = $data[$method];
+						if (isset($route_directory)) {
+							// Initialized of route directory
 
-            if (class_exists($controller = $core->namespace . '\\controllers\\' . $route['controller'] . $core->controller::POSTFIX)) {
+							if ($urn_directory === $route_directory) {
-              // Найден контроллер
+								// The directory of URN is identical to the directory of route
 
-              // Инициализация инстанции ядра контроллера
+								// Writing: end of URN directories XNOR end of route directories
-							$controller = new $controller;
+								$matches[$route] = !(isset($directories[$_i = $i + 1]) xor isset($routes[$route][$_i]));
+							} else if (preg_match('/^\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff]+)$/', $route_directory) === 1) {
+								// The directory of route is a variable ($variable)
 
-              // Инициализация инстанции ядра модели
+								// Writing: end of URN directories XNOR end of route directories
-              if (class_exists($model = $core->namespace . '\\models\\' . $route['model'] . $core->model::POSTFIX));
+								$matches[$route] = !(isset($directories[$_i = $i + 1]) xor isset($routes[$route][$_i]));
+							} else if (
+								!isset($routes[$route][$i + 1])
+								&& preg_match('/^\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff]+\.\.\.)$/', $route_directory) === 1
+							) {
+								// The directory of route is a collector ($variable...)
+								// AND this is the end of route directories
 
-              // Вызов связанного с маршрутом методв и возврат (успех)
+								// Writing
-              return $controller->{$route['method']}($data['vars'] + $_REQUEST, $_FILES);
+								$matches[$route] = 'collector';
-            }
+							} else $matches[$route] = false;
-          }
+						} else if ($matches[$route] === 'collector') {
+						} else $matches[$route] = false;
+					}
+				}
+			}
 
-          // Выход из цикла (провал)
+			// Finding a priority route from match results
-          break;
+			foreach ($matches as $route => $match) if ($match !== false) break;
-        }
-      }
-    }
 
-    // Возврат (провал)
+			if ($route && !empty($data = $this->routes[$route])) {
-    return $this->error($core);
+				// Route found
-  }
 
-  /**
+				// Universalization of route
-   * Сгенерировать ответ с ошибкой
+				$route = self::universalize($route);
-   *
-   * Вызывает метод error404 в инстанции контроллера ошибок
-   *
-   * @param ?core $core Инстанция системного ядра
-   *
-   * @return ?string HTML-документ
-   */
-  private function error(core $core = new core): ?string
-  {
-    return class_exists($class = '\\' . $core->namespace . '\\controllers\\errors' . $core->controller::POSTFIX)
-      && method_exists($class, $method = 'error404')
-      ? (new $class)->$method()
-      : null;
-  }
 
-  /**
+				/**
-   * Универсализировать маршрут 
+				 * Initialization of route variables
-   *
+				 */
-   * @param string $route Маршрут
+
-   *
+				foreach ($routes[$route] as $i => $route_directory) {
-   * @return string Универсализированный маршрут
+					// Iteration over directories of route
-   */
+
-  private function universalize(string $route): string
+					if (preg_match('/^\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff]+)$/', $route_directory) === 1) {
-  {
+						// The directory is a variable ($variable)
-    // Если не записан "/" в начале, то записать, затем, если записан "/" в конце, то удалить
+
-    return preg_replace('/(.+)\/$/', '$1', preg_replace('/^([^\/])/', '/$1', $route));
+						// Запись в реестр переменных и перещапись директории в маршруте
-  }
+						$data[$method]->variables[trim($route_directory, '$')] = $directories[$i];
+					} else if (preg_match('/^\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff]+\.\.\.)$/', $route_directory) === 1) {
+						// The directory of route is a collector ($variable...)
+
+						// Инициализаия ссылки на массив сборщика
+						$collector = &$data[$method]->variables[trim($route_directory, '$.')];
+
+						// Инициализаия массива сборщика
+						$collector ??= [];
+
+						// Запись в реестр переменных
+						$collector[] = $directories[$i];
+
+						foreach (array_slice($directories, ++$i, preserve_keys: true) as &$urn_directory) {
+							// Перебор директорий URN
+
+							// Запись в реестр переменных
+							$collector[] = $urn_directory;
+						}
+
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Exit (success or fail)
+				return $data[$method] ?? null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Exit (fail)
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sorting routes
+	 *
+	 * 1. Short routes
+	 * 2. Long routes
+	 * 3. Short routes with variables (position of variables from "right" to "left")
+	 * 4. Long routes with variables (position of variables from "right" to "left")
+	 * 5. Short routes with collector
+	 * 6. Long routes with collector
+	 * 7. Short routes with variables and collector (position of variables from "right" to "left" then by amount)
+	 * 8. Long routes with variables and collector (position of variables from "right" to "left")
+	 *
+	 * Добавить чтобы сначала текст потом переменная затем после переменной первыми тексты и в конце перменные опять и так рекурсивно
+	 *
+	 * @return self The instance from which the method was called (fluent interface)
+	 *
+	 * @todo ПЕРЕДЕЛАТЬ ПОЛНОСТЬЮ
+	 */
+	public function sort(): self
+	{
+		uksort($this->routes, function (string $a, string $b) {
+			// Sorting routes
+
+			// Initialization of string lengths (multibyte-safe)
+			$length = [
+				$a => mb_strlen($a),
+				$b => mb_strlen($b)
+			];
+
+			// Initialization of the presence of variables
+			$variables = [
+				$a => preg_match('/\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff]+)(\/|$)/', $a) === 1,
+				$b => preg_match('/\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff]+)(\/|$)/', $b) === 1
+			];
+
+			// Initialization of the presence of collectors
+			$collectors = [
+				$a => preg_match('/\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff]+)\.\.\.$/', $a) === 1,
+				$b => preg_match('/\$([a-zA-Z_\x80-\xff]+)\.\.\.$/', $b) === 1
+			];
+
+
+			if ($variables[$a] && !$variables[$b]) return 1;
+			else if (!$variables[$a] && $variables[$b]) return -1;
+			else if ($variables[$a] && $variables[$b]) {
+			} else if ($collectors[$a] && !$collectors[$b]) return 1;
+			else if (!$collectors[$a] && $collectors[$b]) return -1;
+			else {
+				// NOR variables and XAND collectors (both are not found or both are found)
+
+				// The routes are the same length (no changes)
+				if ($length[$a] === $length[$b]) return 0;
+
+				// The longer route moves to the end
+				return $length[$a] > $length[$b] ? 1 : -1;
+			}
+		});
+
+		// Exit (success) (fluent interface)
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Universalize URN 
+	 *
+	 * Always "/" at the beginning and never "/" at the end
+	 *
+	 * @param string $urn URN (/foo/bar)
+	 *
+	 * @return string Universalized URN 
+	 */
+	private function universalize(string $urn): string
+	{
+		// Universalization of URN and exit (success)
+		return (string) '/' . mb_trim($urn, '/');
+	}
 }

mirzaev/minimal/system/traits/magic.php

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace mirzaev\minimal\traits;
+
+// Built-in libraries
+use exception;
+
+/**
+ * Trait of magical methods
+ *
+ * @method void __set(string $name, mixed $value) Write property
+ * @method mixed __get(string $name) Read property
+ * @method void __unset(string $name) Delete property
+ * @method bool __isset(string $name) Check property for initialization
+ *
+ * @package mirzaev\minimal\traits
+ *
+ * @license http://www.wtfpl.net/ Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License
+ * @author Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich <arsen@mirzaev.sexy>
+ */
+trait magic
+{
+	/**
+	 * Write property
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Name of the property
+	 * @param mixed $value Value of the property
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function __set(string $name, mixed $value = null): void
+	{
+		match ($name) {
+			default => throw new exception('Property "' . static::class . "::\$$name\" not found", 404)
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Read property
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Name of the property
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed Value of the property
+	 */
+	public function __get(string $name): mixed
+	{
+		return match ($name) {
+			default => throw new exception('Property "' . static::class . "::\$$name\" not found", 404)
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Delete property
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Name of the property
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function __unset(string $name): void
+	{
+		match ($name) {
+			default => (function () use ($name) {
+				unset($this->{$name});
+			})()
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check property for initialization
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Name of the property
+	 *
+	 * @return bool Is the property initialized?
+	 */
+	public function __isset(string $name): bool
+	{
+		return match ($name) {
+			default => isset($this->{$name})
+		};
+	}
+}

mirzaev/minimal/system/traits/singleton.php

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace mirzaev\minimal\traits;
+
+// Built-in libraries
+use exception;
+
+/**
+ * Trait of singleton
+ *
+ * @method static initialize() Initialize an instance
+ *
+ * @package mirzaev\minimal\traits
+ *
+ * @license http://www.wtfpl.net/ Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License
+ * @author Arsen Mirzaev Tatyano-Muradovich <arsen@mirzaev.sexy>
+ */
+trait singleton
+{
+	/**
+	 * Constructor (blocked)
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	final private function __construct()
+	{
+		// Initializing the indicator that an instance of static::class has already been initialized
+		static $instance = false;
+
+		if ($instance) {
+			// An instance of static has already been initialized
+
+			// Exit (fail)
+			throw new exception('Has already been initialized an instance of the ' . static::class);
+		}
+
+		// Writing the indicator that the instance of static been initialized
+		$instance = true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Initialize an instance
+	 *
+	 * Create an instance of static::class, or return an already created static::class instance
+	 *
+	 * @return static
+	 */
+	public static function initialize(): static
+	{
+		// Initialize the buffer of the instance of static::class
+		static $instance;
+
+		// Exit (success)
+		return $instance ??= new static;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Clone (blocked)
+	 */
+	private function __clone()
+	{
+		// Exit (fail)
+		throw new exception('Cloning is inadmissible');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sleep (blocked)
+	 */
+	public function __sleep()
+	{
+		// Exit (fail)
+		throw new exception('Serialization is inadmissible');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Wake up (blocked)
+	 */
+	public function __wakeup()
+	{
+		// Exit (fail)
+		throw new exception('Deserialisation is inadmissible');
+	}
+}